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Generally, the following principles apply to the selection of food packaging materials.
1.The Corresponding Principle:
Because the food according to the range of use and location of high, medium, low grade, so choose with different grades of materials or design of different grades of food, this is the corresponding principle of food packaging materials.
2. Application principle
Due to different varieties and characteristics of food, they need different protection functions. Packaging materials must be selected to suit the different characteristics and circulation conditions of different foods.For example, high temperature sterilized foods should be made of high temperature resistant materials, while low temperature refrigerated foods should be made of high temperature resistant packaging materials.So when selecting packaging materials, food characteristics, climatic (environmental) conditions, transfer methods and processes (including circulation) must be taken into account.
During the packaging operation, the migration of ingredients such as additives in the packaging material into the food and the possibility of infiltration and adsorption of certain ingredients in the food into the packaging material should be known. The characteristics of food require moisture, pressure, light, smell, mold, etc. Climatic conditions include temperature, humidity, temperature difference, humidity difference, air pressure, gas composition in the air, etc. Cyclic factors include distance traveled, mode of transportation (people, cars, ships, planes, etc.) and road conditions. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the different requirements of different countries, different nationalities and regions for packaging, in order to adapt to the market and customer acceptance.
3. Economic principles
Packaging materials should also consider their own economics. After considering the characteristics, quality and grade of the food to be packaged, design, production and advertising factors will be integrated to achieve the lowest cost. The cost of packaging materials is not only related to its market purchase cost, but also related to processing cost and circulation cost. Therefore, in the selection of packaging design, should consider various factors to choose the most appropriate materials.
4. Coordination principle
Packaging materials play different roles and meanings in different positions of packaging the same food. According to its location, the packaging of products can be divided into inner packaging, middle packaging and outer packaging. The outer packaging mainly represents the product image to be sold and the overall packaging on the shelf. The inner package is the package in direct contact with the food, and the package between the inner package and the outer package is the intermediate package.
Different packaging of the same food plays different roles, so different packaging categories should also be related to the material. Internal packaging using flexible packaging materials, such as plastic soft materials, paper, aluminum foil and composite packaging materials; Intermediate packaging using buffer material with buffer characteristics; Choose the outer packaging according to the characteristics of the food and use more corrugated or cardboard boxes and cartons. In addition, wood, bamboo and other plastic sheets are also being used more. How to match and coordinate the role of food packaging materials and packaging, as well as combine the characteristics of food, requires comprehensive analysis to achieve functional requirements and economic costs.
5. Scientific principles
How to choose packaging materials scientifically should be extracted according to market, function and consumption factors. The selection principle should be based on the processing requirements and processing equipment conditions, from science and practice; According to consumer psychology and market demand characteristics; According to environmental protection requirements; Based on price and satisfaction function; According to new technology and market dynamics; According to the operator and material reasonable selection, such as the user’s special requirements.
In addition, in the actual selection of food packaging materials, you can refer to the existing or already used food materials with the same characteristics or similar food design and selection. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of similar food raw materials in the market, we need to choose; Use test methods to determine the type and specification of packaging materials; Use a variety of packaging materials to test the selection of packaging; It can be selected after testing the parameters of the packaging materials, which requires that the user parameters of the packaging materials, such as oxygen permeability, water permeability, pressure resistance, tensile strength, tear resistance, folding resistance, heat resistance, peel resistance and mildew resistance, etc. are fully understood, and the drop, pressure, and mold resistance of the packaging materials are also required. Vibration and impact strength and slewing bearing test and other parameters of the storage and transportation process. Users are then required to be aware of packaging regulations and standards to ensure the smooth operation of packaging materials, handling and circulation.
